7174.fix.retry state bubbling

[wxtim]

Fixes #7174

Repro:

[scheduler]
    allow implicit tasks = True
    cycle point format = %Y

[scheduling]
    initial cycle point = 3000
    [[graph]]
        R1 = FOO

[runtime]
    [[FOO]]
    [[foo]]
        inherit = FOO
        execution retry delays = PT10H
        script = exit 1
    [[bar]]
        inherit = FOO
        script = exit 0

Also sets up pre-requisite data for cylc/cylc-ui#2421
Check List

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md and added my name as a Code Contributor.
• Contains logically grouped changes (else tidy your branch by rebase).
• Does not contain off-topic changes (use other PRs for other changes).
• Applied any dependency changes to both setup.cfg (and conda-environment.yml if present).
• Tests are included (or explain why tests are not needed).
• Changelog entry included if this is a change that can affect users
• Cylc-Doc pull request opened if required at cylc/cylc-doc/pull/XXXX.
• If this is a bug fix, PR should be raised against the relevant ?.?.x branch.

[oliver-sanders]

.

[MetRonnie]

Is this not guarantee-able after 1 or 2 main loops?

[wxtim]

Yes. Well that's over-engineered.

[MetRonnie]

(Just linkcheck that failed)